PHP laravel实现配置使用多数据库

有的时候，我们在开发的过程中需要连接多个数据库。

Laravel框架中早已为我们想到了这样的需求。

配置很简单。

在根目录下的/config/database.php文件中配置：

Laravel中为我们提前预设了多种类型的数据库连接

  "connections" => [
  
        "sqlite" => [
            "driver" => "sqlite",
            "url" => env("DATABASE_URL"),
            "database" => env("DB_DATABASE", database_path("database.sqlite")),
            "prefix" => "",
            "foreign_key_constraints" => env("DB_FOREIGN_KEYS", true),
        ],
  
        "mysql" => [
            "driver" => "mysql",
            "url" => env("DATABASE_URL"),
            "host" => env("DB_HOST", "127.0.0.1"),
            "port" => env("DB_PORT", "3306"),
            "database" => env("DB_DATABASE", "forge"),
            "username" => env("DB_USERNAME", "forge"),
            "password" => env("DB_PASSWORD", ""),
            "unix_socket" => env("DB_SOCKET", ""),
            "charset" => "utf8mb4",
            "collation" => "utf8mb4_unicode_ci",
            "prefix" => "",
            "prefix_indexes" => true,
            "strict" => true,
            "engine" => null,
            "options" => extension_loaded("pdo_mysql") ? array_filter([
                PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_CA => env("MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_CA"),
            ]) : [],
        ],
  
        "pgsql" => [
            "driver" => "pgsql",
            "url" => env("DATABASE_URL"),
            "host" => env("DB_HOST", "127.0.0.1"),
            "port" => env("DB_PORT", "5432"),
            "database" => env("DB_DATABASE", "forge"),
            "username" => env("DB_USERNAME", "forge"),
            "password" => env("DB_PASSWORD", ""),
            "charset" => "utf8",
            "prefix" => "",
            "prefix_indexes" => true,
            "schema" => "public",
            "sslmode" => "prefer",
        ],
  
        "sqlsrv" => [
            "driver" => "sqlsrv",
            "url" => env("DATABASE_URL"),
            "host" => env("DB_HOST", "localhost"),
            "port" => env("DB_PORT", "1433"),
            "database" => env("DB_DATABASE", "forge"),
            "username" => env("DB_USERNAME", "forge"),
            "password" => env("DB_PASSWORD", ""),
            "charset" => "utf8",
            "prefix" => "",
            "prefix_indexes" => true,
        ],
  
    ],

默认连接的是mysql配置，配置项是存储在根目录下的.env文件中的。

如果使用多数据连接，则只需要，根据你的数据库类型，在配置你需要的数据库连接就好了。

如下面所示：

我增加了一个mysql数据库连接和oracle数据库连接

"connections" => [
  
        "sqlite" => [
            "driver" => "sqlite",
            "url" => env("DATABASE_URL"),
            "database" => env("DB_DATABASE", database_path("database.sqlite")),
            "prefix" => "",
            "foreign_key_constraints" => env("DB_FOREIGN_KEYS", true),
        ],
  
        // 本地数据库，存储本地数据
        "mysql" => [
            "driver" => "mysql",
            "url" => env("DATABASE_URL"),
            "host" => env("DB_HOST", "xxxxx"),
            "port" => env("DB_PORT", "3306"),
            "database" => env("DB_DATABASE", xxxx),
            "username" => env("DB_USERNAME", xxxx),
            "password" => env("DB_PASSWORD", xxxxxxx"),
            "unix_socket" => env("DB_SOCKET", ""),
            "charset" => "utf8mb4",
            "collation" => "utf8mb4_unicode_ci",
            "prefix" => "",
            "prefix_indexes" => true,
            "strict" => false,
            "engine" => null,
            "options" => extension_loaded("pdo_mysql") ? array_filter([
                PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_CA => env("MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_CA"),
            ]) : [],
        ],
  
        // 线上数据库，将本地数据，同步至线上数据
        "mysql_base" => [
            "driver" => "mysql",
            "read" => [
                "host" => env("DB_HOST_BASE", "xxxxx"),
            ],
            "write" => [
                "host" => env("DB_HOST_BASE", "xxxxx")
            ],
            "port" => env("DB_PORT_BASE", xxxx),
            "database" => env("DB_DATABASE_BASE", xxxx),
            "username" => env("DB_USERNAME_BASE", xxxxxx),
            "password" => env("DB_PASSWORD_BASE", "xxxxx"),
            "unix_socket" => env("DB_SOCKET", ""),
            "charset" => "utf8mb4",
            "collation" => "utf8mb4_unicode_ci",
            "prefix" => "",
            "strict" => false,
            "engine" => null,
        ],
  
        "pgsql" => [
            "driver" => "pgsql",
            "url" => env("DATABASE_URL"),
            "host" => env("DB_HOST", "127.0.0.1"),
            "port" => env("DB_PORT", "5432"),
            "database" => env("DB_DATABASE", "forge"),
            "username" => env("DB_USERNAME", "forge"),
            "password" => env("DB_PASSWORD", ""),
            "charset" => "utf8",
            "prefix" => "",
            "prefix_indexes" => true,
            "schema" => "public",
            "sslmode" => "prefer",
        ],
  
        "sqlsrv" => [
            "driver" => "sqlsrv",
            "url" => env("DATABASE_URL"),
            "host" => env("DB_HOST", "localhost"),
            "port" => env("DB_PORT", "1433"),
            "database" => env("DB_DATABASE", "forge"),
            "username" => env("DB_USERNAME", "forge"),
            "password" => env("DB_PASSWORD", ""),
            "charset" => "utf8",
            "prefix" => "",
            "prefix_indexes" => true,
        ],
         // oracle 数据库连接
        "oracle" => [
            "driver" => "oracle",
            "host" => "210.30.64.37",
            "port" => xxx,
            "database" => "",
            "service_name" => xxxxx,
            "username" => xxx_xxxx,
            "password" => xxxx_xxxx,
            "charset" => "AL32UTF8",
            "prefix" => "",
        ]
  
    ],

我们在使用其余的数据库连接，如下方所示：

1：使用原生sql

DB::connection("oracle")->select("SELECT * from  xxxxx WHERE XH = "{$personal_id}" AND XM = "{$name}"")

2：使用laravel封装的数据库方法：

$userinfo = DB::connection("mysql_base")->table("user")
                                                ->where("personal_id", "=", $data["personal_id"])
                                                ->where("name", "=", $data["name"])
                                                ->where("school_id", "=", $data["school_id"])
                                                ->select("id", "type", "school_id", "personal_id", "name", "email", "ilab_user", "ilab_pwd")
                                                ->first();

最后，还是强调一句，数据库连接相关的用户名，连接，密码之类的，一般还是写在.env文件中的，方便我们统一管理。

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