学习过程中遇到的一些基础的Promise、async、await面试题整理。
考点1:Promise.resolve、Promise.reject执行顺序
Promise.resolve().then(() => { // 优先寻找then console.log(1); }).catch(() => { console.log(2); }) // 1
Promise.reject().then(() => { // 优先寻找catch console.log(1); }).catch(() => { console.log(2); }) // 2
考点2:then 和 catch 内部没有 throw new Error() 相当于 resolve
Promise.resolve().then(() => { console.log(1); }).catch(() => { console.log(2); }).then(() => { console.log(3); }) // 1 3
Promise.reject().then(() => { console.log(1); }).catch(() => { console.log(2); }).then(() => { console.log(3); }) // 2 3
Promise.reject().then(() => { console.log(1); }).catch(() => { console.log(2); throw new Error(); }).then(() => { console.log(3); }) // 2 报错
Promise.reject().then(() => { console.log(1); }).catch(() => { console.log(2); throw new Error(); }).then(() => { console.log(3); }).catch(() => { console.log(4); }) // 2 4
考点3:async function -> 相当于返回一个 Promise.resolve
const res = async function fn() { return 100; } console.log(res()); // 返回一个resolve状态的Promise对象 Promise {<fulfilled>: 100} res().then(()=>{ console.log(0); }).catch(()=>{ console.log(1); }) // 0 (async function () { const a = fn(); const b = await fn(); console.log(a); // Promise {<fulfilled>: 100} console.log(b); // 100 })()
考点4: await 代码执行顺序
async function fn1() { console.log("fn1 start"); await fn2(); console.log("fn1 end"); } async function fn2() { console.log("fn2 start"); } console.log("start"); fn1(); console.log("end"); /** * 打印顺序: * start * fn1 start * fn2 start * end * fn1 end */
async function fn1() { console.log("fn1 start"); await fn2(); console.log("fn1 end"); await fn3(); console.log("fn3 end"); } async function fn2() { console.log("fn2"); } async function fn3() { console.log("fn3"); } console.log("start"); fn1(); console.log("end"); /** * 打印顺序: * start * fn1 start * fn2 * end * fn1 end * fn3 * fn3 end */
考点5:Promise 与 setTimeout 执行顺序
console.log("start"); setTimeout(()=>{ console.log("setTimeout") }); Promise.resolve().then(()=>{ console.log("Promise") }) console.log("end") /** * 打印顺序: * start * end * Promise * setTimeout */
async function fn1() { console.log("fn1 start"); await fn2(); console.log("fn1 end"); // await后面的代码为"微任务代码" } async function fn2() { console.log("fn2"); } console.log("start"); setTimeout(()=>{ console.log("setTimeout"); // 宏任务 }); fn1(); console.log("end"); /** * 打印顺序: * start * fn1 start * fn2 * end * fn1 end * setTimeout */
昨天看了一道字节外包的面试题
const list = [1, 2, 3]; const square = num => { return new Promise((resolve, reject) => { setTimeout(() => { resolve(num * num); }, 1000); }); } function test() { // 修改这里的代码 list.forEach(async x => { const res = await square(x); console.log(res); }); } test()
需要修改的是把同步执行的数组替换成换成异步打印。
在测试以后我们可以-验证,forEach和for循环不同的是for循环可以修改数组的值,且forEach取不到具体某一项的值,这里的异步说的是每执行一次数组循环,就执行一步test()方法,
const list = [1, 2, 3]; const square = num => { return new Promise((resolve, reject) => { setTimeout(() => { resolve(num * num); }, 1000); }); } function test() { for(let x of list) { var res = await square(x) console.log(res) } } test()
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