Oracle递归查询简单示例

目录

• 1 数据准备
• 2 start with connect by prior递归查询
• 2.1 查询所有子节点
• 2.2 查询所有父节点
• 2.3 查询指定节点的，根节点
• 2.4 查询巴中市下行政组织递归路径
• 3 with递归查询
• 3.1 with递归子类
• 3.2 递归父类
• 补充：实例
• 总结

1 数据准备

create table area_test(
  id         number(10) not null,
  parent_id  number(10),
  name       varchar2(255) not null
);

alter table area_test add (constraint district_pk primary key (id));

insert into area_test (ID, PARENT_ID, NAME) values (1, null, "中国");
insert into area_test (ID, PARENT_ID, NAME) values (11, 1, "河南省"); 
insert into area_test (ID, PARENT_ID, NAME) values (12, 1, "北京市");
insert into area_test (ID, PARENT_ID, NAME) values (111, 11, "郑州市");
insert into area_test (ID, PARENT_ID, NAME) values (112, 11, "平顶山市");
insert into area_test (ID, PARENT_ID, NAME) values (113, 11, "洛阳市");
insert into area_test (ID, PARENT_ID, NAME) values (114, 11, "新乡市");
insert into area_test (ID, PARENT_ID, NAME) values (115, 11, "南阳市");
insert into area_test (ID, PARENT_ID, NAME) values (121, 12, "朝阳区");
insert into area_test (ID, PARENT_ID, NAME) values (122, 12, "昌平区");
insert into area_test (ID, PARENT_ID, NAME) values (1111, 111, "二七区");
insert into area_test (ID, PARENT_ID, NAME) values (1112, 111, "中原区");
insert into area_test (ID, PARENT_ID, NAME) values (1113, 111, "新郑市");
insert into area_test (ID, PARENT_ID, NAME) values (1114, 111, "经开区");
insert into area_test (ID, PARENT_ID, NAME) values (1115, 111, "金水区");
insert into area_test (ID, PARENT_ID, NAME) values (1121, 112, "湛河区");
insert into area_test (ID, PARENT_ID, NAME) values (1122, 112, "舞钢市");
insert into area_test (ID, PARENT_ID, NAME) values (1123, 112, "宝丰市");
insert into area_test (ID, PARENT_ID, NAME) values (11221, 1122, "尚店镇");

2 start with connect by prior递归查询

2.1 查询所有子节点

select *
from area_test
start with name ="郑州市"
connect by prior id=parent_id

2.2 查询所有父节点

select t.*,level
from area_test t
start with name ="郑州市"
connect by prior t.parent_id=t.id
order by level asc;

start with 子句：遍历起始条件，如果要查父结点，这里可以用子结点的列，反之亦然。
connect by 子句：连接条件。prior 跟父节点列parentid放在一起，就是往父结点方向遍历；prior 跟子结点列subid放在一起，则往叶子结点方向遍历。parent_id、id两列谁放在“=”前都无所谓，关键是prior跟谁在一起。
order by 子句：排序。

2.3 查询指定节点的，根节点

select d.*,
	   connect_by_root(d.id) rootid,
	   connect_by_root(d.name) rootname
from area_test d
where name="二七区"
start with d.parent_id IS NULL
connect by prior d.id=d.parent_id

2.4 查询巴中市下行政组织递归路径

select id, parent_id, name, sys_connect_by_path(name, "->") namepath, level
from area_test
start with name = "平顶山市"
connect by prior id = parent_id

3 with递归查询

3.1 with递归子类

with tmp(id, parent_id, name) 
as (
	select id, parent_id, name
    from area_test
    where name = "平顶山市"
    union all
    select d.id, d.parent_id, d.name
    from tmp, area_test d
    where tmp.id = d.parent_id
   )
select * from tmp;

3.2 递归父类

with tmp(id, parent_id, name) 
as
  (
   select id, parent_id, name
   from area_test
   where name = "二七区"
   union all
   select d.id, d.parent_id, d.name
   from tmp, area_test d
   where tmp.parent_id = d.id
   )
select * from tmp;

补充：实例

我们称表中的数据存在父子关系，通过列与列来关联的，这样的数据结构为树结构。

现在有一个menu表，字段有id，pid，title三个。

查询菜单id为10的所有子菜单。

SELECT * FROM tb_menu m START WITH m.id=10 CONNECT BY m.pid=PRIOR m.id;

将PRIOR关键字放在m.id前面，意思就是查询pid是当前记录id的记录，如此顺延找到所有子节点。

查询菜单id为40的所有父菜单。

SELECT * FROM tb_menu m START WITH m.id=40 CONNECT BY PRIOR m.pid= m.id ORDER BY ID;

总结

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