MySQL数据库恢复到指定时间点时,我们必须通过MySQL全备+MySQL增量备份(可选)+MySQL的二进制日志(binlog)进行重放来恢复到指定时间点,实际的生产环境中,可能一段时间内生成了多个二进制日志文件(binlog), MySQL本身不会存储二进制日志文件(binlog)的开始时间和结束时间,如果要还原到某个时间点,我们需要知道还原后重放哪些二进制日志文件。那么就必须获取二进制日志(binlog)的开始时间和结束时间。那么我们如何获取MySQL二进制日志文件(binlog)的开始时间和结束时间呢?下面简单总结几个方法,以供参考。
Xtrabckup还原全备或增量备份时,会生成一个xtrabackup_info文件,如下所示:
$ more xtrabackup_info uuid = 3bd8a0f7-ea2f-11ed-9896-00505697b437 name = tool_name = xtrabackup tool_command = --defaults-file=/data/conf/my.cnf --login-path=**** --backup --target-dir=/db_backup/mysql_backup/db_backup/backup_cycle_2023_04_30/full_backup_2023_05_04_11_53_25 tool_version = 8.0.31-24 ibbackup_version = 8.0.31-24 server_version = 8.0.31 start_time = 2023-05-04 11:53:26 end_time = 2023-05-04 11:53:30 lock_time = 0 binlog_pos = filename 'mysql_binlog.000042', position '289', GTID of the last change 'd01ecb4f-c944-11ed-9896-00505697b437:1-111:100 0108-1953894,d01edb91-c944-11ed-9896-00505697b437:1-5,f8ef839e-c942-11ed-9bd2-00505697b437:1-13' innodb_from_lsn = 0 innodb_to_lsn = 824007891 partial = N incremental = N format = file compressed = N encrypted = N
如上所示,你可以看到一行关于binlog_pos的信息:binlog文件名为mysql_binlog.000042,起始位置为289,我们应用MySQL二进制日志(binlog)可以从这个二进制日志开始:
mysqlbinlog --start-position="289" ./mysql_binlog.000042 > restore.sql
这个方法有局限性,只能被动获取我们需要重放二进制日志的文件名和开始位置。这里仅供参考。
如下所示,我们想知道mysql_binlog.000042什么时候开始生成,什么时候开始结束的,其实MySQL二进制日志里面包含有这样的信息,如下所示:
$ mysqlbinlog mysql_binlog.000042 | head -10 # The proper term is pseudo_replica_mode, but we use this compatibility alias # to make the statement usable on server versions 8.0.24 and older. /*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=1*/; /*!50003 SET @OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE=@@COMPLETION_TYPE,COMPLETION_TYPE=0*/; DELIMITER /*!*/; # at 4 #230504 11:53:30 server id 1 end_log_pos 126 Start: binlog v 4, server v 8.0.31 created 230504 11:53:30 BINLOG ' OixTZA8BAAAAegAAAH4AAAAAAAQAOC4wLjMxAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEwANAAgAAAAABAAEAAAAYgAEGggAAAAICAgCAAAACgoKKioAEjQA
我们可以通过获取关键字Start: binlog获取这一行的信息,从而获取MySQL二进制日志(binlog)的开始时间,如下所示:
$ mysqlbinlog mysql_binlog.000042 |grep "Start: binlog" #230504 11:53:30 server id 1 end_log_pos 126 Start: binlog v 4, server v 8.0.31 created 230504 11:53:30 $ mysqlbinlog mysql_binlog.000042 |grep "Start: binlog" | awk -F "server id" '{print $1}' #230504 11:53:30
如上所示,生成mysql_binlog.000042的时间点为230504 11:53:30,这里年份使用了缩写模式,即2023缩写为23,230504代表的是2023-05-04.
如果要获取二进制日志(binlog)的结束时间,这个还要看二进制日志是正常循环结束还是实例关闭结束,它们会对应不同的信息
STOP_EVENT
A STOP_EVENT has not payload or post-header
ROTATE_EVENT
The rotate event is added to the binlog as last event to tell the reader what binlog to request next.
如下所示:
$ mysqlbinlog mysql_binlog.000042 | tail -10 # at 533 #230504 12:13:35 server id 3 end_log_pos 560 Xid = 50948183 COMMIT/*!*/; # at 560 #230504 12:14:03 server id 1 end_log_pos 606 Rotate to mysql_binlog.000043 pos: 4 SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'AUTOMATIC' /* added by mysqlbinlog */ /*!*/; DELIMITER ; # End of log file /*!50003 SET COMPLETION_TYPE=@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE*/; /*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=0*/;
$ mysqlbinlog mysql_binlog.000042 |grep Rotate #230504 12:14:03 server id 1 end_log_pos 606 Rotate to mysql_binlog.000043 pos: 4 $ mysqlbinlog mysql_binlog.000042 |grep Rotate | awk -F "server id" '{print $1}' #230504 12:14:03
如果MySQL关闭后,对应的MySQL二进制日志的格式如下所示:
$ mysqlbinlog mysql_binlog.000045 | tail -10 # at 126 #230504 17:02:23 server id 10 end_log_pos 157 CRC32 0x2d378ba5 Previous-GTIDs # [empty] # at 157 #230504 17:08:11 server id 10 end_log_pos 180 CRC32 0xb6b08f2c Stop SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'AUTOMATIC' /* added by mysqlbinlog */ /*!*/; DELIMITER ; # End of log file /*!50003 SET COMPLETION_TYPE=@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE*/; /*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=0*/;
$ mysqlbinlog mysql_binlog.000045 | grep Stop | awk -F "server id" '{print $1}'
在Linux平台,我们可以通过stat命令查看文件的创建时间,如下所示
$ stat mysql_binlog.000042 File: mysql_binlog.000042 Size: 606 Blocks: 8 IO Block: 4096 regular file Device: fd08h/64776d Inode: 100663444 Links: 1 Access: (0640/-rw-r-----) Uid: ( 801/ mysql) Gid: ( 800/ mysql) Access: 2023-05-04 13:36:54.872910222 +0800 Modify: 2023-05-04 12:14:18.712310369 +0800 Change: 2023-05-04 12:14:18.712310369 +0800 Birth: 2023-05-04 11:53:30.640989646 +0800
如上所示,我们可以通过Birth字段信息,知道mysql_binlog.000042是2023-05-04 11:53:30创建的。但是我们没法获取二进制日志的结束时间,不过由于MySQL的二进制日志文件是有数字序列的,所以我们可以通过下一个二进制日志文件(binlog)的开始时间来判断上一个二进制日志文件(binlog)的结束时间。
$ stat mysql_binlog.000043 File: mysql_binlog.000043 Size: 335 Blocks: 8 IO Block: 4096 regular file Device: fd08h/64776d Inode: 100663430 Links: 1 Access: (0640/-rw-r-----) Uid: ( 801/ mysql) Gid: ( 800/ mysql) Access: 2023-05-04 13:36:58.524978710 +0800 Modify: 2023-05-04 16:55:07.161545830 +0800 Change: 2023-05-04 16:55:07.161545830 +0800 Birth: 2023-05-04 12:14:18.713310387 +0800
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