CREATE TABLE `player` ( `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '主键', `player_id` varchar(256) NOT NULL COMMENT '运动员编号', `player_name` varchar(256) NOT NULL COMMENT '运动员名称', `height` int(11) NOT NULL COMMENT '身高', `weight` int(11) NOT NULL COMMENT '体重', `type` varchar(256) DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '球员类型', `game_performance` text COMMENT '最近一场比赛表现', PRIMARY KEY (`id`), KEY `idx_name_height_weight` (`player_name`,`height`,`weight`), KEY `idx_type` (`type`), KEY `idx_height` (`height`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
以上数据表声明三个索引:
@SpringBootTest(classes = TestApplication.class) @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) public class PlayerServiceTest { @Resource private PlayerRepository playerRepository; @Test public void initBigData() { for (int i = 0; i < 1000000; i++) { PlayerEntity entity = new PlayerEntity(); entity.setPlayerId(UUID.randomUUID().toString()); entity.setPlayerName("球员_" + System.currentTimeMillis()); entity.setType("0"); entity.setWeight(150); entity.setHeight(188); entity.setGamePerformance("{\"runDistance\":8900.0,\"passSuccess\":80.12,\"scoreNum\":3}"); playerRepository.insert(entity); } } }
执行计划中访问类型是重要分析指标:
Extra表示执行计划扩展信息:
本章节介绍索引失效十种场景:
explain select * from player where type = 0
数据表定义type
字段为varchar
类型,查询必须使用相同类型:
explain select * from player where height + 1 > 189
explain select * from player where height > 188
MySQL发现如果使用索引性能低于全表扫描则放弃使用索引。例如在表中100万条数据height
字段值全部是188
,所以执行如下语句时放弃使用索引:
explain select * from player where height > 187
调整查询条件值:
explain select * from player where height > 188
强制指定索引,这种方法不一定可以提升性能:
避免出现3.3章节失效问题此处修改一条数据:
update player set player_name = '测试球员' where id = 1
explain select * from player where player_name like '%测试'
explain select * from player where player_name like '%测试%'
explain select * from player where player_name like '测试%'
type
有索引,weight
无索引:
explain select * from player where type = '0' or weight = 150
weight
新增索引,union
拼装查询数据
explain select * from player where type = '0' union select * from player where weight = 150
Using index condition
表示使用索引,但是需要回表查询
explain select * from player where player_name like '测试%'
覆盖索引含义是查询时索引列完全包含查询列,查询过程无须回表(需要在同一棵索引树)性能得到提升。Using Index; Using where
表示使用覆盖索引并且用where
过滤查询结果:
explain select id,player_name,height,weight from player where player_name like '测试%'
联合索引idx_name_height_weight
完整使用key_len
=778:
explain select * from player where player_name = '球员_1682577684751' and height = 188 and weight = 150
weight
不在查询条件,所以只用到idx_name_height
,所以key_len
= 774:
explain select * from player where player_name = '球员_1682577684751' and height = 188
height
不在查询条件,所以只用到idx_name
,所以key_len
= 770:
explain select * from player where player_name = '球员_1682577684751' and weight = 150
height
非等值匹配,所以只用到idx_name_height
,所以key_length
=774:
explain select * from player where player_name='球员_1682577684751' and height > 188 and weight = 150
player_name
最左索引不在查询条件,全表扫描
explain select * from player where weight = 150
本文第一进行测试数据准备,第二介绍执行计划相关知识,第三介绍索引失效10种场景:查询类型错误,索引列参与运算,错误使用通配符,未用到覆盖索引,OR连接无索引字段,MySQL放弃使用索引,联合索引中索引不完整,索引中断,非等值匹配,最左索引缺失。
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