详解apache编译安装httpd-2.4.54及三种风格的init程序特点和区别
目录
- 源码包编译实例
- 下载编译工具,httpd以及其两个依赖包的源码包
- 安装apr
- 安装apr-util
- 安装httpd
- 源码编译报错信息处理
- init程序的三种风格
- init程序三种风格的特点
源码包编译实例
下面通过编译安装httpd来深入理解源码包安装(httpd-2.4.54)
下载编译工具,httpd以及其两个依赖包的源码包
//源码包建议到官方网站下载
[root@lnh ~]# mkdir xbz [root@lnh ~]# cd xbz/ [root@lnh xbz]# dnf -y install gcc gcc-c++ make wget [root@lnh xbz]# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/apache/httpd/httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz [root@lnh xbz]# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/apache/apr/apr-1.7.0.tar.gz [root@lnh xbz]# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/apache/apr/apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz [root@lnh xbz]# ls apr-1.7.0.tar.gz apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz
安装apr
[root@lnh xbz]# ls
apr-1.7.0.tar.gz apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz
[root@lnh xbz]# tar -xf apr-1.7.0.tar.gz
[root@lnh xbz]# ls
apr-1.7.0 apr-1.7.0.tar.gz apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz
//将apr解压到当前目录
[root@lnh xbz]# cd apr-1.7.0/
[root@lnh apr-1.7.0]# ls
apr-config.in build-outputs.mk helpers misc strings
apr.dep CHANGES include mmap support
apr.dsp CMakeLists.txt libapr.dep network_io tables
apr.dsw config.layout libapr.dsp NOTICE test
apr.mak configure libapr.mak NWGNUmakefile threadproc
apr.pc.in configure.in libapr.rc passwd time
apr.spec docs LICENSE poll tools
atomic dso locks random user
build emacs-mode Makefile.in README
build.conf encoding Makefile.win README.cmake
buildconf file_io memory shmem
//进入这个源码包可以看见里面被解压出来的东西
[root@lnh apr-1.7.0]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/src/apr
...
configure: creating ./config.status
config.status: creating Makefile
config.status: creating include/apr.h
config.status: creating build/apr_rules.mk
config.status: creating build/pkg/pkginfo
config.status: creating apr-1-config
config.status: creating apr.pc
config.status: creating test/Makefile
config.status: creating test/internal/Makefile
config.status: creating include/arch/unix/apr_private.h
config.status: executing libtool commands
rm: cannot remove "libtoolT": No such file or directory
config.status: executing default commands
//生成Makefile
一般常用的有 --prefix=PREFIX 这个选项的意思是定义软件包安装到哪里
建议，源码包都是安装在/opt/目录下或者/usr/local/src目录下面
[root@lnh apr-1.7.0]# make
...
gcc -E -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -DLINUX -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE -I./include -I/root/xbz/apr-1.7.0/include/arch/unix -I./include/arch/unix -I/root/xbz/apr-1.7.0/include/arch/unix -I/root/xbz/apr-1.7.0/include -I/root/xbz/apr-1.7.0/include/private -I/root/xbz/apr-1.7.0/include/private export_vars.c | sed -e "s/^\#[^!]*//" | sed -e "/^$/d" >> apr.exp
sed "s,^\(location=\).*$,\1installed," < apr-1-config > apr-config.out
sed -e "s,^\(apr_build.*=\).*$,\1/usr/local/src/apr/build-1," -e "s,^\(top_build.*=\).*$,\1/usr/local/src/apr/build-1," < build/apr_rules.mk > build/apr_rules.out
make[1]: Leaving directory "/root/xbz/apr-1.7.0"
//编译生成Makefile，此处虽然出现了make[1]: Leaving directory "/root/xbz/apr-1.7.0"，但是没关系可以继续进行下一步安装
[root@lnh apr-1.7.0]# make install
...
/usr/bin/install -c -m 755 /root/xbz/apr-1.7.0/build/mkdir.sh /usr/local/src/apr/build-1
for f in make_exports.awk make_var_export.awk; do \
/usr/bin/install -c -m 644 /root/xbz/apr-1.7.0/build/${f} /usr/local/src/apr/build-1; \
done
/usr/bin/install -c -m 644 build/apr_rules.out /usr/local/src/apr/build-1/apr_rules.mk
/usr/bin/install -c -m 755 apr-config.out /usr/local/src/apr/bin/apr-1-config
//进行安装
[root@lnh apr-1.7.0]# cd /usr/local/src/apr/
[root@lnh apr]# ls
bin build-1 include lib
//进入apr的路径进行查看，默认情况下，系统搜索库文件的路径只有/lib，/usr/lib，我们需要进行修改在/etc/ld.so.conf.d/中创建以.conf为后缀名的文件，而后把要增添的路径直接写至此文件中。此时库文件增添的搜索路径重启后有效，若要使用增添的路径立即生效则要使用ldconfig命令
[root@lnh apr]# cd /etc/ld.so.conf.d/
[root@lnh ld.so.conf.d]# echo /usr/local/src/apr/lib/ >apr.conf
[root@lnh ld.so.conf.d]# cd -
/usr/local/src/apr
//切换到前一个工作目录
[root@lnh apr]# ldconfig
//使命令生效
[root@lnh apr]# ln -s /usr/local/src/apr/include/ /usr/include/apr
[root@lnh apr]# ll /usr/include/apr/
total 4
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jul 12 20:18 apr-1
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 27 Jul 12 20:44 include -> /usr/local/src/apr/include/
将头文件软链接到/usr/include目录下
折叠
安装apr-util
[root@lnh xbz]# dnf -y install expat-devel libxml2-devel pcre-devel //需要先安装这个依赖 [root@lnh xbz]# ls apr-1.7.0 apr-1.7.0.tar.gz apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz [root@lnh xbz]# tar -xf apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz [root@lnh xbz]# ls apr-1.7.0 apr-util-1.6.1 httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz apr-1.7.0.tar.gz apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz //解压到当前目录 [root@lnh xbz]# cd apr-util-1.6.1/ [root@lnh apr-util-1.6.1]# ls aprutil.dep CHANGES include NWGNUmakefile aprutil.dsp CMakeLists.txt ldap README aprutil.dsw config.layout libaprutil.dep README.cmake aprutil.mak configure libaprutil.dsp README.FREETDS apr-util.pc.in configure.in libaprutil.mak redis apr-util.spec crypto libaprutil.rc renames_pending apu-config.in dbd LICENSE strmatch buckets dbm Makefile.in test build docs Makefile.win uri build.conf encoding memcache xlate buildconf export_vars.sh.in misc xml build-outputs.mk hooks NOTICE //进入源码包查看被解压出来的东西 [root@lnh apr-util-1.6.1]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/src/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/src/apr ... configure: creating ./config.status config.status: creating Makefile config.status: creating export_vars.sh config.status: creating build/pkg/pkginfo config.status: creating apr-util.pc config.status: creating apu-1-config config.status: creating include/private/apu_select_dbm.h config.status: creating include/apr_ldap.h config.status: creating include/apu.h config.status: creating include/apu_want.h config.status: creating test/Makefile config.status: creating include/private/apu_config.h config.status: executing default commands //生成Makefile文件，需要伴随着上一个指定的依赖 [root@lnh apr-util-1.6.1]# make ... gcc -E -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -DLINUX -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE -I/root/xbz/apr-util-1.6.1/include -I/root/xbz/apr-util-1.6.1/include/private -I/usr/local/src/apr/include/apr-1 exports.c | grep "ap_hack_" | sed -e "s/^.*[)]\(.*\);$/\1/" >> aprutil.exp gcc -E -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -DLINUX -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE -I/root/xbz/apr-util-1.6.1/include -I/root/xbz/apr-util-1.6.1/include/private -I/usr/local/src/apr/include/apr-1 export_vars.c | sed -e "s/^\#[^!]*//" | sed -e "/^$/d" >> aprutil.exp sed "s,^\(location=\).*$,\1installed," < apu-1-config > apu-config.out make[1]: Leaving directory "/root/xbz/apr-util-1.6.1" //编译生成的Makefile文件，出现make[1]: Leaving directory "/root/xbz/apr-util-1.6.1"这个没有关系可以继续进行下一步安装 [root@lnh apr-util-1.6.1]# make install ... See any operating system documentation about shared libraries for more information, such as the ld(1) and ld.so(8) manual pages. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- /usr/bin/install -c -m 644 aprutil.exp /usr/local/src/apr-util/lib /usr/bin/install -c -m 755 apu-config.out /usr/local/src/apr-util/bin/apu-1-config //进行安装 [root@lnh apr-util-1.6.1]# cd /usr/local/src/apr-util/ [root@lnh apr-util]# ls bin include lib //切换到apr-util安装目录进行查看，默认情况下，系统搜索库文件的路径只有/lib，/usr/lib，我们需要进行修改在/etc/ld.so.conf.d/中创建以.conf为后缀名的文件，而后把要增添的路径直接写至此文件中。此时库文件增添的搜索路径重启后有效，若要使用增添的路径立即生效则要使用ldconfig命令 [root@lnh apr-util]# cd /etc/ld.so.conf.d/ [root@lnh ld.so.conf.d]# echo /usr/local/src/apr-util/ >apr-util.conf [root@lnh ld.so.conf.d]# cd - /usr/local/src/apr-util //切换到上一个工作目录 [root@lnh apr-util]# ln -s /usr/local/src/apr-util/include/ /usr/include/apr -util //将头文件软链接到/usr/include目录下
折叠
安装httpd
[root@lnh xbz]# tar -xf httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz
[root@lnh xbz]# ls
apr-1.7.0 apr-util-1.6.1 httpd-2.4.54
apr-1.7.0.tar.gz apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz
//解压到当前目录
[root@lnh xbz]# cd httpd-2.4.54/
[root@lnh httpd-2.4.54]# ls
ABOUT_APACHE CMakeLists.txt InstallBin.dsp README
acinclude.m4 config.layout LAYOUT README.CHANGES
Apache-apr2.dsw configure libhttpd.dep README.cmake
Apache.dsw configure.in libhttpd.dsp README.platforms
apache_probes.d docs libhttpd.mak ROADMAP
ap.d emacs-style LICENSE server
build httpd.dep Makefile.in srclib
BuildAll.dsp httpd.dsp Makefile.win support
BuildBin.dsp httpd.mak modules test
buildconf httpd.spec NOTICE VERSIONING
CHANGES include NWGNUmakefile
changes-entries INSTALL os
//查看被解压出来的东西
[root@lnh httpd-2.4.54]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/src/httpd --with-apr=/usr/local/src/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/src/apr-util
...
config.status: creating build/config_vars.sh
config.status: creating include/ap_config_auto.h
config.status: executing default commands
configure: summary of build options:
Server Version: 2.4.54
Install prefix: /usr/local/src/httpd
C compiler: gcc
CFLAGS: -g -O2 -pthread
CPPFLAGS: -DLINUX -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE
LDFLAGS:
LIBS:
C preprocessor: gcc -E
//生成Makefile文件
[root@lnh httpd-2.4.54]# make
...
/usr/local/src/apr/build-1/libtool --silent --mode=link gcc -g -O2 -pthread -o mod_rewrite.la -rpath /usr/local/src/httpd/modules -module -avoid-version mod_rewrite.lo
make[4]: Leaving directory "/root/xbz/httpd-2.4.54/modules/mappers"
make[3]: Leaving directory "/root/xbz/httpd-2.4.54/modules/mappers"
make[2]: Leaving directory "/root/xbz/httpd-2.4.54/modules"
make[2]: Entering directory "/root/xbz/httpd-2.4.54/support"
make[2]: Leaving directory "/root/xbz/httpd-2.4.54/support"
make[1]: Leaving directory "/root/xbz/httpd-2.4.54"
//编译生成Makefile文件，出现的一些没有读取到的问题没有关系，继续进行下一步
[root@lnh httpd-2.4.54]# make install
...
Installing man pages and online manual
mkdir /usr/local/src/httpd/man
mkdir /usr/local/src/httpd/man/man1
mkdir /usr/local/src/httpd/man/man8
mkdir /usr/local/src/httpd/manual
make[1]: Leaving directory "/root/xbz/httpd-2.4.54"
//进行安装
[root@lnh httpd-2.4.54]# cd /usr/local/src/httpd/
[root@lnh httpd]# ls
bin cgi-bin error icons logs manual
build conf htdocs include man modules
//切换到httpd的安装目录进行查看，默认情况下，系统搜索库文件的路径只有/lib，/usr/lib
[root@lnh httpd]# ln -s /usr/local/src/httpd/include/ /usr/include/httpd
[root@lnh httpd]# ll /usr/include/httpd
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 29 Jul 12 21:23 /usr/include/httpd -> /usr/local/src/httpd/include/
//将头文件软链接到/usr/include目录下
[root@lnh httpd]# echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/src/httpd/bin" > /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
[root@lnh httpd]# source /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
//配置httpd的全局环境变量，并生成效果
[root@lnh httpd]# which httpd
/usr/local/src/httpd/bin/httpd
[root@lnh httpd]# vim /etc/man_db.conf
MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/share/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/local/share/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/local/src/httpd/man
//添加后面这一行
[root@lnh ~]# httpd
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server"s fully qualified domain name, using fe80::20c:29ff:fe57:f6f5%ens33. Set the "ServerName" directive globally to suppress this message
httpd (pid 35719) already running
//启动服务
[root@lnh ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
//查看端口
[root@lnh ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service
//关闭防火墙
折叠
服务80端口
源码编译报错信息处理
checking for APR... no configure: error: APR not found. Please read the documentation. //解决方案 [root@lnh xbz]# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/apache/apr/apr-1.7.0.tar.gz [root@lnh xbz]# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/apache/apr/apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz 提前把这两个依赖包安装好才可以进行生成Makefile文件 无法进行生成两个依赖包的Makefile文件 //解决方案 [root@lnh xbz]# dnf -y install gcc gcc-c++ make wget 提前下载编译工具
init程序的三种风格
- SysV⻛格：init（centos5），实现系统初始化时，随后的初始化操作都是借助于脚本来实现的，(/etc/inittab)
- Upstart风格：init（centos6），由ubuntu研发的，通过总线形式以接近于并行的方式工作，效率比SysV高，配置文件(/etc/inittab，/etc/init/*.conf)
- Systemd风格：systemd（centos7），启动速度快，系统引导时实现服务并行启动，比前两者的效率都高，配置文件(/usr/lib/systemd/system，/etc/systemd/system)
init程序三种风格的特点
SysV⻛格特点：
- 脚本中含有大量的命令，每个命令都要启动一个进程，命令执行完以后就要终止这个进程。如此一来，系统初始化时将大量的创建进程，销毁进程，工作效率会非常低
- 服务间可能会存在依赖关系，必须严格按照一定的顺序来启动服务，前一个服务没启动完后面的服务就无法执行启动过程。不能并行进行
Upstart风格特点:
- 基于总线方式能够让进程间互相通信的一个应用程序
- 不用等服务启动完成，只要一初始化就可以把自己的状态返回给其他进程
Systemd风格特点:
- 启动速度比SysV和Upstart都快
- 不需要通过任何脚本来启动服务，systemd自身就可以启动服务，其本身就是一个强大的解释器，启动服务时不需要sh/bash的参与
- systemd不真正在系统初始化时去启动任何一个服务只要服务没用到，它告诉你启动了，实际上并没有启动。仅当第一次去访问时才会真正启动服务
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